GANJAEDI
Ganjaedi script

Grammar reference

Compact grammar reference

A human-readable projection of the active structured grammar: concise enough to scan, but tied to the same canonical rules used by the machine interface.

Basic syntax

Neutral clause structure, valency and the boundary for rhythm-driven reordering.

RuleSVO · V · S V · S V O · S V REL-X · S V O REL-X ...
Canonical examples
  • ya si dom
  • ya go ko-dom
  • ya giv kitab ra-frend
  • ya bring kitab ra-frend

Root classes

The four lexical root classes and the constraints that keep productive morphology predictable.

RuleN · V · Q · G

Word formation

Regular verb, noun and quality derivation, including consonant-final and vowel-final verb families.

RuleV(C): ROOT+a / +in / +li / +la / +i / +an · V(V): ROOT+y → +ya / +yin / +yli / +yla / +y / +n · Q: Q+a → +la
Canonical examples
  • rab
  • raba
  • rabin
  • si
  • siya
  • siyin

Nouns and plural

Number marking, exact-cardinal blocking and the order of derivation, compounding and plural marking.

Rule/m/ → -m / -im · CARD>1 ⇒ ØPL
Canonical examples
  • guru -> gurum
  • frend -> frendim
  • dijey -> dijeyim
  • dva frend
  • tri trak

Pronouns

Person, social level, inclusive/exclusive first-person plural, reflexive and reciprocal forms.

Rule1SG ya · 1PL.INCL va · 1PL.EXCL vi · 2SG u/yu/yus · 3SG dau/da/das
Canonical examples
  • ya-sam
  • yu-sam
  • dam si sang-sam
  • dam giv kitab ra-sang-sam

Relation prefixes

Productive prefixes express nominal relations and may stack under a defined scope rule.

RuleREL- + N
mæ-na-ko-ot-po-tak-sa-lya-ra-pro-age-za-pas-ka-se-
Canonical examples
  • ko-mæ-X
  • ot-mæ-X
  • ko-na-X
  • ot-na-X

Negation and questions

Preverbal negation, final polar-question marking and WH-in-situ behavior.

RuleS + no + (TAM/COP) + PRED · Q: … + na · WH = in situ
Canonical examples
  • ya no rab
  • ya no ba rab
  • yu rab na
  • yu si lan na
  • ko-kan

Time, aspect and modality

Unmarked present, temporal frames, aspectual operators and regular modal constructions.

RulePRES unmarked · PAST ba · FUT bu · IRR bo · NOW ab + V · STILL abi + V
Canonical examples
  • ya vant goyin
  • ya nid goyin
  • ya sak goyin
  • ya ba sak goyin
  • ya bu sak goyin
  • ya bo sak goyin

Comparison

Degree operators and the standard-of-comparison construction without adjective agreement changes.

RuleCOMP mor · SUPERL mos · STANDARD zen
Canonical examples
  • mor biga
  • mos biga
  • ye dom mor biga zen vo dom

Clause linking

The linker ki in relative, complement and finite adverbial constructions.

Ruleki · HEAD + (REL-)ki + CLAUSE · V + ki + FINITE_CLAUSE
Canonical examples
  • admi ki ba giv kitab ra-ya
  • kitab ki ya ba rid
  • ya nou ki da ba liv
  • ya tink ki da bu kam

Passive / resultative boundary

Ganjaedi has no grammatical passive; completed/result-state morphology is a separate construction.

RulePASSIVE = ∅ · RESULTATIVE ROOT+an / ROOT+n · RESULTATIVE ≠ PASSIVE
Canonical examples
  • raban
  • sin

Compounds and derivation

Right-headed hyphen compounds and transparent productive derivation such as X-vala.

RuleX-Y · HEAD=Y · X-vala
Canonical examples
  • rap-bit
  • dab-trak
  • ganja-boška
  • smok-vala
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